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| a component of the ESEA legislation that requires states and school systems to collect annual data that represents the progress of students in meeting established assessment goals or progress in key subject areas |
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| All types of assessment other than standardized tests |
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| A written account of a specific incident or behavior in the c/r |
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| The collection of data, such as test scores and informal records, to measure student achievement |
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| A measurement of a student’s performance on activities that reflect real-world learning experiences |
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| A technique in which the teacher deletes words or other structures from a passage and leaves blanks in their places. The students then fill in the blanks by suing the surrounding context to determine missing material |
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| Criterion Referenced Tests |
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| a test designed to yield measurements interpretable in terms of specific performance standards |
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| ongoing assessment designed to offer feedback on progress for both the teacher and the learner |
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| Informal Reading Inventory |
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| informal instrument designed to help the teacher determine a child’s independent, instructional, frustration,and capacity levels |
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| an unexpected oral reading response that deviates from the text |
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| a test designed to yield results interpretable in terms of a norm, the average or mean results of a sample population |
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| a collection of work or artifacts gathered over a period of time |
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| A set of criteria used to describe and evaluate a student’s level of proficiency in a particular subject area |
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| A strategy for recording miscues during a student’s oral reading |
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| administered at the end of an instructional unit or time period; often used to summarize progress of students as they complete their involvement in the learning task |
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| 2 or more adjacent consonant letters whose sounds are blended together, with each individual sound retaining its identity |
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| 2 adjacent consonant letters that represent a single speech sound |
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| vowel sounds that are so closely blended that they can be treated as single vowel units for the purposes of word identification |
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| written symbol that represents a phoneme |
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| consonants or consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable |
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| smallest unit of sound in a language |
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| an understanding that speech consists of a series of small units of sound, or phonemes |
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| association of speech sounds with printed symbols |
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| vowels, or vowel combinations and any consonants that follow |
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| 2 adjacent vowel letters that represent a single speech sound |
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| comparisons of 2 similar relationships stated in the form of author is to book as artist is to painting |
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| a pair of words that have opposite meanings |
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| classification into related groups |
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| clues to word meanings or pronunciations found in the surrounding words or sentences |
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| substitution of a less offensive word or phrase for an unpleasant term or expression |
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| words that have identical spellings, but different meanings |
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| pairs or groups of words that are spelled differently but are pronounced alike |
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| group of words that, taken as a whole, has a meaning different from that of the sum of meanings of individual words |
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| a direct comparison not using like or as |
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| giving attributes of a person to an inanimate object or abstract idea |
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| a preexisting knowledge structure (cluster of information) developed about a thing, place, or idea |
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| graphic representations of relationships among words and phrases in written material |
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| comparison using like or as |
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| groups of words that have the same, or very similar, meanings |
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| sets of declarative statements related to materials about to be read that are designed to stimulate thinking and discussion |
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| a person’s knowledge of the functioning of his or her own mind and conscious efforts to monitor or control this functioning |
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| verbalizing aloud the thought processes present as one reads a selection orally |
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| understanding ideas that are directly stated |
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| techniques of writing used to influence people’s thinking and actions |
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| picturing events, places, and people described by the author |
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| nonfiction literature that provides an account or partial account of a person’s life |
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| brief moral tales in which animals or inanimate objects speak |
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| a genre of literature including highly imaginative, fictional stories, with fanciful or supernatural elements |
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| stories that are not true, written in a narrative style, for the purpose of entertainment |
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| a subcategory of traditional literature. identified by motifs or themes. characters are often animals or humans. |
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| traditional literature selections that feature characters such as gods, heroes, or supernatural beings |
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| invented or imagined stores that could have happened because they have believable story elements, such as realistic characters and settings |
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| a fictional story based upon current or imagined technological or scientific advancements |
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| a literary genre of stories, without identified authors, which are passed from generation to generation through oral narration |
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| a student-centered procedure for writing |
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